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Testing independence in two-by-two tables
Obukhov, Andrey ; Omelka, Marek (advisor) ; Kulich, Michal (referee)
The main purpose of this work is to describe three well-known statistical tests of independence in two-by-two contingency tables. We will deeply study chi- squared test of independence, Fisher's exact test and Barnard's test and apply them on examples. Also we will describe, in general, categorical variables, which are often analysed using a multinomial distribution. At the end we will apply tests on the examples, using data simulated from a multinomial and binomial distribution. 1
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Testing independence in two-by-two tables
Obukhov, Andrey ; Omelka, Marek (advisor) ; Kulich, Michal (referee)
The main purpose of this work is to describe three well-known statistical tests of independence in two-by-two contingency tables. We will deeply study chi- squared test of independence, Fisher's exact test and Barnard's test and apply them on examples. Also we will describe, in general, categorical variables, which are often analysed using a multinomial distribution. At the end we will apply tests on the examples, using data simulated from a multinomial and binomial distribution. 1
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Tests for Paired Categorical Data
Míchal, Petr ; Komárek, Arnošt (advisor) ; Omelka, Marek (referee)
In this paper we deal with paired categorical data. We will test marginal ho- mogeneity and symmetry of corresponding probability table. At first, we describe multinomial distribution and contingency tables. In the next section, we deal with dichotomic paired categorical data, we derive McNemar's test and describe test for small sample sizes. Further, we state tests for general paired categorical data, Stuart's and Bhapkar's test are described. We then state test derived by Bowker, which is used for testing symmetry of probability table. In the last section, we show simulations of McNemar's test in software R. 1
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Software STATISTICA and its Applications in Analysis of Categorical Data
HORKÁ, Petra
This thesis involves primarily advantages and disadvantages of using the software to other similar softwares, focusing on analysis categorical data and representation of selected statistical methods. The main purpose of this thesis is demonstration of options the software offers and the main focus is put on possibility of processing categorical data. Typical examples are shown whether the software can be used in practice as well as in accounting, economics and tax issues. All those information come from questionnaire and of selected companies.
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Statistical inference for categorical data analysis
Kocáb, Jan ; Pecáková, Iva (advisor) ; Coufalová, Petra (referee)
This thesis introduces statistical methods for categorical data. These methods are especially used in social sciences such as sociology, psychology and political science, but their importance has increased also in medical and technical sciences. In the first part there is mentioned statistical inference for a proportion. Here is written about classical, exact and Bayesian methods for estimating and hypothesis testing. If we have a large sample then we can approximate exact distribution by normal distribution but if we have a small sample cannot use this approximation and it is necessary to use discrete distribution which makes inference more complicated. The second part deals with two categorical variables analysis in contingency tables. Here are explained measures of association for 2 x 2 contingency tables such as difference of proportion and odds ratio and also presented how we can test independence in the case of large sample and small one. If we have small sample we are not allowed to use classical chi-squared tests and it is necessary to use alternative methods. This part contains variety of exact tests of independence and Bayesian approach for the 2 x 2 table too. In the end of this part there is written about a table for two dependent samples and we are interested whether two variables give identical results which occurs when marginal proportions are equal. In the last part there are methods used on data and discussed results.
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Social climate analysis in the manufacturing company
Čermáková, Věra ; Němec, Otakar (advisor) ; Zbranek, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis deals with the issue of employees' satisfaction with individual areas of their work. The theoretical part describes the reasons for opinion ascertaining and factors influencing employee satisfaction and motivation. There are also listed the methods of employee satisfaction surveys and the approaches to statistical analysis of data from questionnaire surveys. The practical part is focused on the social climate analysis in the specific manufacturing company in areas such as remuneration, communication, work organization, teamwork, career growth, learning and development and other. The data analysis is based on categorial data analysis including detection of dependence in between individual answers and classification of employees, mainly by sex, age, department and position. For each area, there is a recommendation for the company management.
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Kontingenční tabulky a jejich využití ve výzkumu
Huřťák, Ladislav ; Hebák, Petr (advisor) ; Průša, Milan (referee)
Diplomová práce se zabývá kontingenčními tabulkami a jejich využitím v sociologických a marketingových výzkumech. Nejprve je stručně zmíněna historie a současnost těchto výzkumů. Poté jsou představeny typy proměnných. Dále jsou popsány problémy spojené s kategorizací dat a následně je pozornost věnována prezentaci a analýze kategoriálních dat. Jsou zmíněny nejčastěji používané testy nezávislosti a míry závislosti. S pomocí čtyřpolní tabulky jsou ukázány různé přístupy k statistické indukci - je porovnán bayesovský a klasický způsob uvažovaní. Jedna z kapitol je věnována korespondenční analýze. Aplikační část diplomové práce tvoří sociologická analýza pracovní orientace občanů USA. Data byla získána při General Social Survey 2006. Jsou zkoumány faktory ovlivňující motivaci k práci. Studie má dvě hlavní témata. Udržení osvědčených zaměstnanců ve firmě a závislost ročního příjmu na dosaženém stupni vzdělání.
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